Resources

3R centres and organisations:

Associations

European Consensus Platform for Alternatives (ecopa), is an umbrella organisation for national associations), ecopa.eu

• Finland: Fincopa
• France: Francopa
• Germany: SET
• Italy: IPAM
• Norway: Norecopa
• Romania: ROCAM
• Spain: REMA
• Swizerland: 3RCC

European Animal Research Association EARA

European Society for Alternatives to Animal Testing EUSAAT

Finnish Laboratory Science Association FinLAS

Foundations

Swizerland: 3R Research Foundation Switzerland

Virtual Centre for Alternative and Complementary Methods to Animal Testing VZET ​​​​​

Guidelines:

ICH guidelines for pharmaceutical testing

OECD Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) guidelines

OECD guidelines for chemical safety testing

Databases:

The Animal-Free Safety Assessment AFSAEU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing EURL ECVAMUnited States Environmental Protection Agency EPANational Center for Biotechnology Information NCBINational Toxicology Program NICEATMIntramural Research Program IPR Guidelines Non-animal Methods of Toxicity Testing ALLTTOX

EU projects' databases

EU projects

Laws and regulations:

• Act on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes (497/2013)
  https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2013/20130497
• Chemicals Act (REACH-related), www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/2013/20130599
• The Council on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes (TOKES)
  https://www.finlex.fi... (in Finnish)
  https://mmm.fi/tokes (in Finnish)
• Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes 
  ​​​​​​​eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32010L0063
• Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market
• Elintarvikelaki (“Act on foodstuffs”), www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2021/20210297 (in Finnish)
• Gene Technology Act (377/1995),
  www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1995/19950377/
• Government Decree on Gene Technology (928/2004) www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/2004/20040928/
• Government Decree on the Protection of Animals Used for Scientific or Educational Purposes (564/2013)​​​​​​​https://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2013/20130564 
• Medicines Act, www.fimea.fi...
• Project Authorisation Board (former Animal Experiment Board (ELLA) www.avi.fi...
• TOKES definition of animal welfare criteria (approved on 16 September 2015): ​​​​​​​avi.fi...
• TOKES members 1/11/2018–31/10/2023: ​​​​​​​
  ​​​​​​​valtioneuvosto.fi... (in Finnish)

Publications and abstracts:

• Michael Balls, Robert Combes, and Andrew Worth (2019). The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology. Academic Press.
• Smith, AJ, Clutton, RE, Lilley, E, Hansen KEAa, Brattelid, T. (2018) PREPARE Guidelines for animal testing: norecopa.no/prepare
• Prescott MJ, Lidster K (2017). Improving quality of science through better animal welfare: the NC3Rs strategy. Lab Animal 46 (4): 152–156. DOI: 10.1038/laban.1217.
  www.elaintieto.fi/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Animal-Welfare-Report.pdf
• Michael Balls (2009). The Three Rs and the Humanity Criterion, an Abridged version of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by W.M.S. Russel and R.L. Burch. FRAME, Nottingham, UK.
• Anon. (2000). The three Rs Declaration of Bologna. ATLA 28, 1–5.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Process
• Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., (1994) Animals and Alternatives in Testing: History, Science, and Ethics
  caat.jhsph.edu/publications/animal_alternatives
• W.M.S. Russel and R.L. Burch (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen, London, UK. altweb.jhsph.edu/pubs/books/humane_exp/het-toc